Joint
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Definition: a joint is an articulation or junction
between two or more bones or parts of bones of the skeleton whether there is
movement between them or not.
Classification of joint: The
three types of joint are classified according to the manner or type of material
by which the articulating bones are united
1.
Fibrous joints
2.
Cartilaginous joint
3.
Synovial joint
Fibrous
joint: they are three types –
Suture
:
example sagittal suture that unite the bones of the vault of the skull
Sydesmosis
: middle radio-ulnar joint
Gomphosis
: dentoalveolar joint
Cartilaginous
joint: this type of joint is formed by cartilage.
They
are two types- Following are the features and difference of these joints
|
Primary
cartilaginous joint |
Secondary
cartilaginous joint |
|
Ex: costochondral
joint |
EX: intervertebral
disc |
|
it is a temporary
joint |
it is a permanent
joint |
|
Only Hyaline
cartilage join the two end of the bones |
Thin lamina of
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage join the two end of the bones |
|
it is not present at
mid line of body |
it is usually
situated at the midline of body |
|
All primary cartilaginous joint are
strong and immobile |
Limited amount of movement is possible
in this joint |
Synovial joint : Features of a typical synovial joint
Features of the typical synovial joint:
Joint cavity
present
Synovial fluid
present within the joint cavity
Articular
capsule envelopes the joint cavity, which
consists of
outer fibrous part and inner synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
covers the articular surfaces of the bone
Classify
synovial joint
According to the shape of articular
surface of the joint
Pivot : superior and
inferior radio-ulnar joint
Ball and socket:
hip joint
Hinge:
elbow joint
Plane : acromio-clavicular
joint
Saddle:
sternoclavicular joint
Condyloid:
knee joint
Ellipsoid
: wrist joint
According
to the axis of movements
|
Uni-axial:
Pivot
: superior and inferior radio-ulnar joint Plane : acromio-clavicular joint Hinge
: elbow joint |
Bi-axial: Saddle: sternoclavicular joint Condyloid: knee joint Ellipsoid:
wrist joint Multi-axial:
Ball
and socket: hip joint |
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