Sphenoid: easy and brief discussion

Sphenoid

Parts of sphenoid :

1.     Body

2.     Lesser wings

3.     Greater wings

4.     Pterygoid processes

Body of sphenoid

Body of sphenoid has 6 surfaces

•      Superior

•      Lateral

•      Anterior

•      Inferior

•      Posterior

Superior surface of body of sphenoid

Identify following structures

From before backward

1.     Ethmoidal spine

2.     Jugum sphenoidale

3.     Sulcus chiasmatis

4.     Tuberculum sellae

5.     Sella turcica

6.     Middle clinoid processes

7.     Clivus 

Indentify following structure on the anterior  surface of body of sphenoid

1.     Sphenoidal crest

2.     Shenoidal air sinuses

Identify following foramen / fissure of sphenoid

1.     Superior orbital fissure

2.     Optic canal

3.     Foramen rotundum

4.     Foramen ovale

5.     Foramen spinosum 

Sphenoid bone articulate with following bone

1.     Ethmoid

2.     Frontal

3.     Parietal

4.     Petrous and squamous part of temporal bone

5.     Palatine bone

6.     Occipical bone 

Maxilla : easy and brief discussion

Maxilla :

•      2^nd largest bone of face

•      2 maxillae forms whole of upper jaw

•      Each maxilla contributes in formation of

1.      Face

2.      Nose

3.      Mouth

4.      Orbit

5.      Infra-temporal fossa

6.      Pterygopalatine fossa

•      Each maxilla has

•      A body

•      4 processes

1.      Frontal

2.      Zygomatic

3.      Alveolar

4.      Palatine

•      Body of maxilla

•      Shape pyramidal

•      It has

•      Base directed at nasal surface

•      Apex directed laterally at zygomatic process

•      4 surfaces

1.      Superior / orbital

2.      Anterior / facial

3.      Posterior / infratemporal

4.      Medial /nasal

•      Encloses a cavity  maxillary sinus 

Epiploic foramen

Epiploic foramen:

•      The omental foramen /epiploic foramen/ foramen of Winslow:  is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac  and the lesser sac of peritoneal cavity 

 

Boundary :

 

•      Anteriorly : the free border of the lesser omentum, also known as the hepatoduodenal ligament.

       Hepatoduodenal ligament has two layers and following structures present within

       these layers antero posteriorly :

1.      the common bile duct,

2.      hepatic artery, and

3.      portal vein.

•      A useful mnemonic to remember these is DAVE:
Antero posteriorly
1. bile Duct,
2. hepatic Artery,
3. portal Vein,
4. Epiploic foramen.

•      Posteriorly : inferior vena cava

•      Superiorly : caudate process of caudate lobe of liver

•      Inferiorly : 1^st part of duodenum 

 Summary of boundary of epiploic foramen

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