Celiac ganglion :
The
celiac ganglia /coeliac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of
nerve tissue in the upper abdomen.
They
are the largest ganglia in the Autonomic nervous system
They are sometimes referred to as the semilunar ganglia or the solar ganglia.
•
The upper part
of each ganglion is joined by the
greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, glion, receives the lesser
splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus.
The upper part of each ganglion is
joined by the greater splanchnic nerve, while the lower part, which is
segmented off and named the aorticorenal ganglion, receives the lesser
splanchnic nerve and gives off the greater part of the renal plexus
• Greater splanchnic nerve contain preganglionic fibre
arises from the preganglionic neuron located in the thoracic 5-9 spinal cord
segments
• Lesser
splanchnic nerve contain preganglionic fibre arises from the
preganglionic neuron located in the thoracic 10-11 spinal cord segments
• Celiac ganglion situated just lateral to the celiac
trunk at the level of T12 & L 1 vertebra
• The aorticorenal ganglia may be located anywhere in
the general area of the junction of the renal arteries with the aorta.
• These ganglia were found to be partly fused with the
celiac ganglion in 4% on the right side and in 12% on the left.
• All three thoracic splanchnic nerves (greater, lesser,
and least) may have rami which terminate in the aorticorenal ganglia.
• The least splanchnic terminated in the aorticorenal
ganglion more often than the other nerves when the ganglion was located
inferior to the renal artery.
• It is situated anterior to the crura of the diaphragm
• It lies medial to supra renal gland
• above the upper border of the body of pancreas
they
innervate most of the digestive tract.
•
These ganglia contain neurons whose postganglionic
axons innervate
•
the stomach,
•
liver,
•
gallbladder,
•
spleen,
•
kidney,
•
small intestine, and
•
the ascending and transverse colon.
•
They directly innervate the ovarian theca and
secondary interstitial cells and exert an indirect action on the luteal cells.
•
Summary of celiac ganglion
1.
Postganglionic sympathetic neuron
2. Pre and
post ganglionic sympathetic fibres : preganglionic sympathetic neurons are
located in the lateral horn of gray matter of spinal cord > ventral root of
spinal nerve > trunk of spinal nerve > white rami communicans > sympathetic
ganglion (no synapse ) > greater or lesser splanchnic nerve > celiac
ganglion > synapse with post ganglionic neuron > post ganglionic fibres
innervate abdominal viscera
3. General
visceral afferent fibres : general visceral afferent fibres collect sensory
information from abdominal viscera > greater or lesser splanchnic nerve >
sympathetic ganglion > white rami communicans > spinal nerve trunk >
dorsal root of spinal nerve > dorsal root ganglion > posterior horn of spinal
cord
