Thorax card : important SAQs for 1st professional MBBS examination of Bangladesh

Thorax     SAQ

Thoracic wall:

1. Give the venous drainage of thoracic wall. Give the branches of internal thoracic artery.

2. Draw & label a typical intercostal space.

3. What is external intercostal membrane.

4. Draw & label a typical intercostal nerve. How it differs from a spinal nerve.

5. Give the steps of dissection of a typical intercostal space. List the number of typical         

    intercostal space & why they are called typical? (2+1+1)-osmani 1^st term

6. Draw & label the formation & branches of a typical intercostal nerve. List the muscles of forced

   inspiration & expiration.(3+1) 

7. Discuss typical intercostals nerve. Give its functional component. -5+2

8. Give the boundary of thoracic inlet. What is supra-pleural membrane, (2+2)

Heart & pericardium:

1. What is pericardium. Mention its different layer’s & their development.-3

2. Write a short description of interior of right atrium July-06 What is probe patency test? 3+1

 3. What are the different parts of the interventricular septum. Give its source of development.

      1+2

 4. Draw & label arterial supply of heart.-2(J-07, July-06) Give the origin, course & branches of left coronary artery. 4.

5. What do you mean by end artery?-1 what do you mean by functional end artery? Give examples and clinical importance.

6. S/N: a) Pericardial sinus Base of the heart-2 Fallot’s tetralogy-1.5

7. Give the anatomy of the base of the heart. 3

    or Give the formation of the base of the heart. Mention its important relations.

8. Mention development of interatrial septum.-3

9. Draw & label junction tissues of the heart.-2 What are the Junctional tissues of the heart?  Mention their location. 1+2

10. Define conducting system of the heart. Name its components & arterial supply.1+4

11. Write down pericardial sinuses with their clinical importance. 4

12. What is dextrocardia? Give embryology basis of its formation. (1+2)

13. Write about structure of Trabeculae carnea, septomarginal crest and infundibulum. All Trabeculae carnea & papillary muscle.-5

 14. Draw and label venous supply of the heart

 15. Mention the development of right atrium. -2

16. Enumerate the different septal defects of heart.-2

17. Draw & label different parts of primitive heart tube. -2

Lung & pleura:

1. Define bronchopulmonary segment. 1

    Draw & label bronchopulmonary segment of R/L+lung.

2. Write the histological features of lung. -3

3. Give the nerve supply of lung with their effects. -1

4. Define pleura. Mention its different parts. Give their source of development. -3 or write

    about pleura.

5. Give the layers of respiratory membrane. -3) Name the cells you will find in the  

    alveoli & give their function.

6. S/N-  a) pleural recess.

           b) Root of the lung.

7. Give relation of apex of right lung. -3

8. What do you mean by respiratory portion of lungs. Give its components. -3

9. What is hyaline membrane disease? -1

10. Give the visceral relations on the mediastinal surface of left lung. -3

11. What is pleural recess? Give its formation & clinical importance-3

12. Name the different phase of development of the lung-3

13. Draw & label the different segments of the bronchial tree. Give the lining epithelium of their

      different segments. -2+2

14. Which bronchus is more susceptible to lodgments of inhaled foreign bodies? Explain why?

15. What is pleura? Write different parts of parietal pleura & mention their development & nerve

      supply.-4

Mediastinum:

1. Define mediastinum. Give the boundary & contents of posterior mediastinum/superior   

    mediastinum.(1+3)

Others:

1. Pump handle & bucket handle movement.

2. Superior vena cava.

Thorax card : must know item questions for MBBS course in Bangladesh

THORAX

(Viva- item examination)

Item no-1: Thoracic Wall, thoracic cavity, Pleura & Mediastinum

1. Give the skeletal boundary of thoracic cage. Write content of thoracic cavity
2. Give the boundary of thoracic inlet. Discuss the name of structures passing through it.
3. Give the  boundary of thoracic outlet. Which structure cover the outlet?
4. What do you mean by typical intercostals space? Discuss blood and nerve supply of it
5. What do you mean by intercostals nerve ?
6. Discuss the difference between spinal nerve and intercostals nerve
7. Mention the name of intercostal muscles with origin, insertion & nerve supply
8. What do you mean by innermost intercostalis?
9. Identify sternal angle and write importance of sternal angle.
10. Joint: sternocondal jt & costochondal jt formation & type.
11. What do you mean by i) True ribs ii) False rib iii) Floating ribs
12. Define mediastinum with different subdivision. Give the boundary of superior / inferior (anterior/ middle/ posterior)  mediastinum and list their content.
13. Bones: Typical rib, 1^st rib, 12^th rib
14. Figure- 1^st & 12^th rib

Item-2: Different joint of thorax

1.      Name different joint of thorax, mention their formation & type.

2.      Write about peculiarities of clavicle.

3.      Define joint. Classify joint

4.      Classify (fibrous/artilaginous/ synovial joint)

5.      Write features of synovial joint.

6.      Defferene between primary & secondary cartilaginous joint.

7.      Bone: Clavicle, Sternum  

8.      Figure: clavicale /Sternoum/Typical synovial joint./Fibrous joint/Cartilaginous joint.

Item-3:

1.      Define pericardium. Write different layers with blood & nerve supply

2.      How many chambers present within heart.

·         Write a flow chart to describe systemic circulation.

·         Write a flow chart to describe pulmonary circulation

·         Write a flow chart to describe portal circulation

3.      List the name of structure enter into the right atrium of heart.

4.      How sternocostal surface of heart is formed?

5.      Draw & label arterial supply,venous supply of heart and nerve supply of heart

6.      Discuss the  role of sympathetic& para sympathetic nervous system on heart

7.       Mention difference layers of heart.

8.      Identify-

Four chamber of heart- Rt/Lf atrium & nerve

 Surfaces- sternoostal, diaphragmalic left, base

Borders-Right border Left border, interior

Groove – Coronary suleus, ant. & pos. interventricular groove

Vessels: Rt & Lf coronary artery, coronary sinus

Root of great vessels- SVC, IVC, ascending thoracic aorta, arch of  aorta, descending thoracic aorta, four pulmonary vein, pulmonary

         Interior of heart- Interventricular septum/Papillary muscle/Corda tendenae/Cups/

                                        musculae pectinae/fossa Ovalis /Limbus fossa ovalis.

             Figure:    1. Arterial supply of heart

                               2. Venous system of heart

                               3. Conducting system of heart

Item-4:

1.      Define pleura mention its different layers. Mention blood & nerve supply of pleura.

2.      Extension of trachea. Difference between Rt & left principal bronchus. Blood supply of trachea

3.      Extension of conducting & respiratory part.

4.      Linning epithelium of conducting & respiratory part. i) Vertebral   ii) Mediastinal

5.      Identify-

    Surfaces- medial, Costal, Base, Apex, Hilum

              Bordar- Anterior border & inferior  border.

              Ligament- Pulmonary ligament.

              Groove- Groove for azygous vein, Groove for SVC, IVC, Descending thoracic aorta.

        6.  Function of conducting & respiratory part.

        7.  Define Branchopulmonary segment. Draw & label B.S of both Lung.

 Figure- pleura    

                       - Supra-plueral membrane - formation, attachment function.

  Item-5:The Diaphragm & Oesphagus:

Oesphagus: Extension, Lining epithelium, Blood supply,  peritoneal relation, Porto-systemic anastomosis

The Diaphragm- Anatomical points

                          -Formation

                         - Parts

                         - Openings – vertebral label & structure passing through it.

                         - Functions.

                         - Nerve supply- sensory and motor.

                         - Type of muscle present in the diaphragm.

Bones: Typical thoracic vertebrae, Atypical thoracic vertebrae

Item-6:

Phrenic nerve- root value.

                      - Important relation.

                      - supplied area.

Spinal nerve: Formation & location. 

                      Branches.

                      Draw & label

                      Number.

Intercostal nerve: Formation

                             Location

                             Difference between spinal nerve & intercostal nerve.

Lymphatic drainage:

What are right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct & cisternal chyli?

Branches of ascending aorta & desconding aorta tributaries of SVC, azygous & hemiazygous vein  

Item No-2; heart with Pericardium

1. Define pericardium. Name its different layer’s.
2. Give the blood supply and nerve supply of different layer’s of pericardium.
3. Identify and demonstrate i) coronary sulcus ii) anterior interventricular sulcus iii) posterior interventricular sulcus iv) apex v) base vi) Right, left .inferior & superior border viii) stern costal, diaphragmatic and posterior surface of the heart.
4. Demonstrate the anatomical position of the heart.
5. Give the anatomical location of the apex of the heart.
6. How the following structures of the heart is formed i) apex ii) base iii) right ,left and inferior border.
7. Give the contents of the i) Coronary sulcus ii) Anterior interventricular sulcus iii) posterior interventricular sulcus.
8. Give the boundary and importance/ significance of i) transverse pericardial sinus ii) oblique pericardial sinus.
9. Name the different layer’s of the heart.
10. Give the features of the interior of i) right ventricle ii) left ventricle iii) right atrium iv) left atrium.
11. Give the location and structural components of i) aortic valve ii) pulmonary valve iii) Mitral valve iv)Tricuspid valve. Give their functional importance.
12. Give the blood supply of the heart.
13. Give the nerve supply of the heart.
14. What are the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation on the heart.
15. Trace out the origin, course and area of supply of i) right coronary artery ii) left coronary artery.
16. Trace the course of coronary sinus
17. Name the veins of the heart and give their location.
18. Name the Junctional tissue of the heart. Give their location and blood supply.
19. What do you mean by fibrous skeletons of the heart. Name its different parts and give its functional importance.

Item no 3: Lung, trachea and Bronchus.

1. Identify and demonstrate the following structures of right and left lung i) apex, base, costal surface, mediastinal surface, vertebral surface, hilum of the lung, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, principal bronchus, transverse fissure. Oblique fissure, anterior border, posterior border, inferior border, cardiac notch and lingual of left lung.
2. Give the anatomical points of left and right lung.
3. Give the morphological difference between left and right lung.
4. Give the relation of i) vertebral surface ii) costal surface iii) mediastinal surface of both lung.
5. How will you differentiate a natural fissure of the lung from an artificial fissure.
6. Name the different segment of the bronchial tree.
7. Give the blood supply and nerve supply of the bronchial tree,
8. Give the blood supply of the lung.
9. How will you differentiate between lungs of a still birth from that of a live birth.
10. What do you mean by i0 respiratory membrane ii) respiratory epithelium.
11. Name the different layer’s of respiratory membrane.
12. Name the different cells of the alveoli.
13. Define broncho-pulmonary segments.
14. Draw and level bronchopulmonary segments of i) right and ii) left lung.
15. Give the difference between i) right principal bronchus ii) left principal bronchus.
16. Give the difference between hila of right and left lung.

Item NO 4: Blood vessels, Nerves and Lymphatic’s of the thorax.

1. Give the arterial supply of the intercostals space.
2. Give the venous drainage of the intercostals space
3. Give the lymphatic drainage of the intercostals space
4. Give the formation, tributaries and termination of the azygoes vein.
5. Give the origin, location and branches of internal thoracic artery.
6. Give the extension, location and branches of  i) ascending aorta ii) arch of aorta iii) descending thoracic aorta.
7. Give the origin, course(location), termination and area of drainage of i) right lymphatic duct ii) thoracic duct.
8. Give the site and attachment of suprarenal membrane. Give its function.

ItemNo-5: Bones and Joints of the thorax

1. Name the different bones of the thoracic cage.
2. Give the different parts, anatomical features, anatomical positions of the bones of the thoracic cage.
3. Name the joints of the thoracic cage .Give their formation and types.
4. Name ligaments, their attachments of the joints of the thoracic cage,
5. Define joints, classify joints , Give examples from thoracic region.
6. Give the identifying points of the followings i) 1^st rib ii) 2^nd rib iii) typical rib iv) Typical thoracic vertebra.
7. Give the posterior relation of the i) manubrium sterni ii) body of the sternum iii) anterior relation of the neck of the 1^st rib.
8. Give the muscular and ligamentous attachments of attachments i) 1^st rib ii) 2^nd rib iii) manubrium sterni iv) body of the sternum.

9.  

Pleura : must know SAQs

Pleura

1. define pleura 
2. mention the different parts of pleura 
3. discuss blood and nerve supply of pleura 
4. discuss the development of pleura 
5. define pleural effusion, pleuritis, pneumothorax
6. discuss pleural recesses