summary of Celiac plexus : easy and simple way

Celiac plexus :

It is the largest  autonomic nerve plexus  of posterior abdominal wall which unites with celiac ganglion 

Why  coeliac plexus is also  known as solar plexus ? 

because of its sun ray like  radiating nerve fibers

location of celiac trunk 

at the level of T 12 and L 1 verterbra

It surrounds the coeliac artery & root of superior mesenteric artery  

 

•       Celiac plexus present in front of the crus of the diaphragm

 

•       Celiac  plexus is situated posterior to stomach & lesser sac

•       It lies medial to supra renal gland & above the upper border of the pancreas  

 

Formation of celiac plexus:  Celiac plexus is formed by two celiac ganglions and nerve fibres

•       Celiac ganglion : 

  it has a larger upper part  and smaller lower part also known as aorticorenal ganglion  

•       Nerve fibres of the celiac plexus : 3 types of nerve fibres  present in the celiac plexus

1. Sympathetic fibre
2. Parasympathetic fibre :
3. General visceral afferent fibre
   

Sympathetic fibre

•       Greater splanchnic nerves joins the upper part of the celiac ganglion  (it contain 

preganglionic sympathetic fibres which synpse with celiac ganglion)

•       lesser splanchnic nerves joins the aorticorenal ganglion  ( it is also  Preganglionic 

sympathetic fibres which synapse with aorticorenal ganglion )

•       after synapsing Postganglionic sympathetic fibres leave coeliac & aorticorenal ganglion  

 

 

 

 

•       Parasympathetic fibre : Preganglionic  vagal fibres 

•       General visceral afferent fibre :

•       Sensory phrenic fibres reach the plexus along the inferior phrenic artery

 

•       Primary sensory sympathetic afferent fibers (red) shown in relation to posterior horn tract cells (green) conveying visceral information to the thalamus and to general visceral efferent neurons (blue).

•       Visceral afferents in the coeliac plexus convey pain and sensation from upper abdomenal viscera

•       Clinical anatomy : celiac plexus block

•       This method might be done (often bilaterally) for pain relief in situations regarding cancer of the stomach or pancreas .

Branches of celiac plexus
Number of secondary plexus arises from the celiac plexus

 

Hepatic plexus

Left gastric plexus

Splenic plexus

Suprarenal plexus

Renal plexus

Testicular plexus

Ovarian plexus

Superior mesenteric plexus

Summary of nerves of celiac plexus

1. Preganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic fibres
2. Preganglionic parasympathetic (vagus nerve ) fibres
3. General visceral afferent fibres 

 
Youtube video: https://youtu.be/0vXM7pcsd8M

 

Cirdiovascular system : histology SAQs 1st prof MBBS new curriculum of Bangladesh

1Cardiovascular system

a)      Draw and labeland discuss histological features of

i)        cardiac tissue,

ii)       elastic artery,

iii)     medium sized artery and

iv)     vein

b)      Define capillary. Classify capillary with example (draw and label) 

c)       Difference between

i)         artery and vein ,

ii)       elastic artery and muscular artery ,

iii)     continuous capillary and discontinuous capillary

d)      Define end artery? Classify end artery with example.

e)      Histological features of lymph capillary

f)       What is vasa vasorum, microcirculation, arteriovenous shunt,

Surface anatomy of heart : 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Surface anatomy of heart:

1 .Apex of the   Heart

It is situated in the left 5^th intercostal space just medial to midclavicalar   line.

Related questions:  How it is formed?

Ans: It is formed by only left ventricle of the heart.

2.     Right   border of the Heart

1^st point: On   the upper border   of the right 3^rd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median   plane.

2^nd point: on   the right 6^th costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane

Join these two points by a convex line towards the right.

SN: (The maximum convexity of which lies at a distance of 3.25am from the median plane in the 4^th intercostal space.)

Related questions:

How it is formed?  Ans: it is formed by right atrium

3. Left Border of Heart

1) 1^st    Point – On the lower border of the left 2^nd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane.

2) 2^nd   point- At the apex beat left 5^th intercostal space just medial to mid-clavicular line Join   these two points by line with convexity directed upwards and to the left.

Related questions:

How it is formed? Ans: it is formed by left ventricle of the heart

4. Lower border of the Heart

1^st point: on   the right 6th costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane

2^nd   point-At the apex beat left 5^th intercostal space just medial to mid-clavicular line

Join these two points with slight notch to the right of the apex of the heart.

Inferior border passes through the xiphisternal junction

 Related questions: How it is formed? Ans: it is formed by mostly by right ventricle and partly by left ventricle

5. Upper border of the Heart

1^st point: On   the upper border   of the right 3^rd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median   plane.

2^nd point: On the lower border of the left 2^nd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane.

Join these points.

Related questions: How it is formed? Ans: 1/3 of right atrium and 2/3 of left atrium are formed this border

6. Arch of the Aorta

1) 1^st point –On the right end of the   sternal angle.

2) 2^nd point –On the   centre of the manubrium   sterni

3)3^rd point- sternal end of left 2^nd costal cartilage 

Join the points by a curved line which represents the outer border of the arch of aorta; then the inner   border is drawn   below  &  paralled to it about 2.5 cm apart  .

Heart : SAQs 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Heart & pericardium:

1. What is pericardium. Mention its different layer’s & their development.-3

2. Write a short description of interior of right atrium What is probe patency test? 3+1

 3. What are the different parts of the interventricular septum. Give its source of development.

      1+2

 4. Draw & label arterial supply of heart.-2  Give the origin, course & branches of left coronary artery. 4. 

5. What do you mean by end artery?-1 what do you mean by functional end artery? Give examples and clinical importance.

6. S/N: a) Pericardial sinus b) Base of the heart-2  c) Fallot’s tetralogy-1.5

7. Give the anatomy of the base of the heart. 3

    or Give the formation of the base of the heart. Mention its important relations.

8. Mention development of interatrial septum.-3

9. Draw & label junction tissues of the heart.-2 What are the Junctional tissues of the heart?  Mention their location. 1+2

10. Define conducting system of the heart. Name its components & arterial supply.1+4 

11. Write down pericardial sinuses with their clinical importance. 4

12. What is dextrocardia? Give embryology basis of its formation. (1+2)

13. Write about structure of Trabeculae carnea, septomarginal crest and infundibulum. All Trabeculae carnea & papillary muscle.-5

 14. Draw and label venous supply of the heart.

 15. Mention the development of right atrium. -2

16. Enumerate the different septal defects of heart.-2

17. Draw & label different parts of primitive heart tube. -2