Difference between corticospinal tract and corticonuclear tract

 Difference between corticospinal tract and corticonuclear tract

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Corticonuclear tract	Corticospinal tract
Definition: motor pathway from the motor cortex of the brain to the motor nuclei of cranial nerves within the brainstem.	Definition: motor pathway from the brain’s motor cortex to lower motor neurons located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord’s gray matter. Divided into the anterior corticospinal tract (supplies axial muscles) and the lateral corticospinal tract (supplies muscles of the limbs).
Function: responsible for voluntary movement of the muscles of the face (CN. VII), head and neck (CN. XI). Also involved in phonation, swallowing and facial expression. (CN. VII and IX)	Function: responsible for voluntary movement of the muscles of the limbs and trunk.

Difference between connective tissue mast cell and mucosal mast cell

 Difference between connective tissue mast cell and mucosal mast cell

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Topics	connective tissue mast cell	mucosal mast cell
Another name	Also known as MCTC mast cell	Also known as MCT mast cell
Location	Skin , intestinal submucosa, breast and axillary lymph nodes	Lungs, intestinal mucosa
Granules and its internal structure	Granules with Lattice like internal structure	Granule with a scroll like internal structure
Granules contain	Tryptase and chymase	Only tryptase

Differences between the electrical and chemical synapses.

 Differences between the electrical and chemical synapses.

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Chemical synapses	Electrical synapses
It is present in higher vertebrates.	It is present in both lower and higher vertebrates and invertebrates.
Nerve impulse is transmitted using a neurotransmitter.	Nerve impulse is transmitted using ions.
Unidirectional transmission.	Bi-directional transmission.
Gaps between cells are around 20 nm	Smaller gaps - only 3 - 5 nm
Transmission is relatively slow - several milliseconds.	Transmission is fast - almost instant.
Either inhibitory or excitatory.	Excitatory.
Signal remains strong.	Signal will disappear over time.
Sensitive to pH and hypoxia.	Insensitive to pH and hypoxia.
Vulnerability to fatigue.	Relatively less vulnerable to fatigue.

Difference between pulsation of jugular vein and carotid artery

 Difference between pulsation of jugular vein and carotid artery

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PULSATION OF JUGULAR VEIN	PULSATION OF CAROTID ARTERY
No pulsations palpable.	Palpable pulsations.
Pulsations obliterated by pressure above the clavicle.	Pulsations not obliterated by pressure above the clavicle.
Level of pulse wave decreased on inspiration; increased on expiration.	No effects of respiration on pulse.
Usually two pulsations per systole (x and y descents).	One pulsation per systole.
Prominent descents.	Descents not prominent.
Pulsations sometimes more prominent with abdominal pressure.	No effect of abdominal pressure on pulsation

Anatomy of thyroid cartilage

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The thyroid cartilage is a substantial shield-shaped structure that is situated near the top of the larynx in the front of the neck (voice box). Due to variations in the size and shape of the larynx, it is frequently referred to as the Adam's apple and is more noticeable in men than in women.

The laryngeal prominence, also referred to as the Adam's apple, is the point where the two halves or plates of hyaline cartilage that make up the thyroid cartilage meet. The superior thyroid notch, which is modest and visible in certain persons, is located in front of the thyroid cartilage.

The larynx and vocal cords are shielded by the thyroid cartilage, which is also crucial for speech production. The muscles of the larynx are in charge of regulating the tension and positioning of the vocal cords during speech and singing. The vocal cords are linked to the rear of the thyroid cartilage. By providing places of attachment for the muscles involved in swallowing, the thyroid cartilage also contributes to this process.

Skin superficial fascia and deep fascia of neck Gold information to memorize

 

Skin superficial fascia and deep fascia of neck  Gold information to memorize

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1.    All cutaneous nerve of neck are derived from cervical plexus except	greater occipital nerve which is derived from dorsal ramus of C2 spinal nerve
Thickest cutaneous nerve of the body	Greater occipital nerve
Cutaneous nerve which may pierce clavicle through and through	Intermediate supraclavicular nerve
Most important superficial vein in the neck	external jugular vein
Most commonly used external jugular vein for central venous cannulation catheterization	right external jugular vein
Muscle of neck representing panniculus carnosus of lower animals	Platysma
Cold abscess (tubercular abscess) abscess without signs of acute inflammation like pain and redness Commonest cause of cold abscess in the neck	Tuberculosis of cervical vertebrae
Fibrous band connecting thyroid capsule to the cricoid cartilage	Ligament of Berry

Submandibular region, Gold information to memorize

 

Submandibular region

Gold information to memorize

 

1.    Key muscle of submandibular region

Ans: Hyoglossus

2.    Smallest of the three parts of large salivary glands

Ans : Sublingual salivary gland

3.    Wharton duct

Ans: Submandibular duct

4.    Ducts of Rivinus

Ans: Ducts of sublingual gland

5.    Langley ganglion

Ans: Submandibular ganglion

6.    Most commonly damaged artery during surgical removal of submandibular gland

Ans facial artery

7.    Most commonly damaged nerve during surgical removal of submandibular gland

Ans : lingual nerve damaged during ligation and divison of submandibular duct