Pre-axial (cranial) and post-axial border of upper and lower limb

Pre-axial (cranial) and post-axial border of upper and lower limb

•         It demarcates portion of the limb bud that lies cranial to the axis of the limb e.g radial aspect of upper limb and tibial aspect of lower limb. It marked out by the cephalic vein in the upper limb, and the great saphenous vein in the lower limb

•         clinical relevance: pre-axial polydactyly involves first digit of the hand (radial side) or first digit of the foot (big toe)

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Post-axial (caudal) border
it demarcates portion of the limb bud that lies caudal to the axis of the limb e.g. ulnar aspect of upper limb and fibular aspect of lower limb. It marked out by the basilic vein in the upper limb, and the small saphenous vein in the lower limb

•         clinical relevance: post-axial polydactyly refers to an additional digit on the ulnar side of the hand, or lateral to the 5th toe

Upper limb

It extends from middle of the clavicle, Distally along the front of the shoulder joint, In the line of the cephalic vein, Lateral border of arm ,forearm and hand to lateral border of the thumb

It extends from middle of the axilla Along the medial side of arm along  the line of  basilic vein Medial side of forearm and hand Medial border of the little finger