Ilioinguinal nerve

The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of lumbar plexus

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Root value: L1

Relations :  It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve.

Course :

It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major just inferior to the iliohypogastric, and passes obliquely across the quadratus lumborum and iliacus.

The ilioinguinal nerve then perforates the transversus abdominis near the anterior part of the iliac crest, and communicates with the iliohypogastric nerve between the transversus and the internal oblique muscle.

It then pierces the internal oblique muscle, distributing filaments to it, and then accompanies the spermatic cord (in males) or the round ligament of uterus (in females) through the superficial inguinal ring.

Sometimes the ilioinguinal nerve passes deep to the inguinal ligament .  

Distribution :

Its fibres are then distributed to the skin of the upper and medial part of the thigh, and to the following locations in the male and female:

·         In the male ("anterior scrotal nerve"): to the skin over the root of the penis and upper part of the scrotum.

·         In the female ("anterior labial nerve"): to the skin covering the mons pubis and labia majora.

The ilioinguinal nerve does not pass through the deep inguinal ring, and thus only travels through part of the inguinal canal. It mediates the cremasteric reflex.