Surface anatomy of lung

Surface anatomy of lung 

1. Apex of the Lung

1^st point – rt/lt  sternoclavicular   joint

 2^nd point –at the junction of medial 1/3 and lateral 2/3 of clavicle

Join these two points & the summit of the curve being situated in the neck about 2.5cm above the medial   third of clavicle.    

by which structure  apex of the lung is covered?

Ans:    The apex of the lung is covered by cervical pleura (part of parietal pleura) and supra-pleural membrane

What is suprapleural membrane?

Ans: it is formed by endothoracic fascia

Attachment : internal border of 1^st rib and transverse process of C7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

2. Anterior border of the right Lung

1)1^st point-At the apex of the lung (2.5 am above the medial 1/3 of clavicle)

2)2^nd point –On the right sterno- clavicular   joint  

3) 3^rd point –Opposite the centre of the sternal   angle.

4) 4^th point-On the right end of the xiphisternal junction join these four points by a line.

3. Anterior border of   left Lung

 1)1^st   2^nd &   3^rd   point –same as those for right   lung 

2) 4^th point-On the median plane opposite the 4^th costal cartilage.

Join these four points by line. Now   the 4^th point the line goes downwards and to the left for about 1-1/2 and then curves inwards & downwards to a point on the 6^th costal cartilage 3.5cm from the median plane.

Thus, a notch is formed at the lower part of the   anterior border called the cardiac notch  

1. Posterior border of the Right or Left Lung

Draw a vertical line downwards from a point 2 cm lateral to the 7^th cervical spine to a point 2cm lateral to the10th thoracic spine

2. Lower border of lung:

1^st point: at xiphisternal joint

2^nd point: 6^th rib in midclavicular line

3^rd point: 8^th rib in midaxillary line

4^th point: 2 cm lateral to the 10^th thoracic spine

List of living anatomy by a point

1. Tip of the 7^th cervical spine
2. Tip of coracoid process
3. sternal angle:

it correspond with lower border of 4^th thoracic vertebra

Importance:

1.      it divide superior mediastinum from inferior mediastinum

2.      it is related with 2^nd costal cartilage so we use it for counting ribs

3.       

4. jugular notch 
5. inferior angle of scapula