Goosecoid gene

 Goosecoid gene 

GSC (Goosecoid Homeobox) gene is a Protein Coding gene.

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The GSC gene defines neural-crest cell-fate specification and contributes to dorsal - ventral patterning

The homeobox gene goosecoid is one of the first genes expressed in the organizer region of vertebrates and specifies future dorsal regions along the anterior/posterior axis of the embryo. this gene is expressed in embryos of all ages and localization on one side of the embryoblast In embryos collected at day 13 of pregnancy gsc expression was localised anterior to the primitive streak.

In embryos collected at day 13 of pregnancy gsc expression was localised anterior to the primitive streak.

Ectopic expression of gsc mRNA in ventral blastomeres as well as overexpression of gsc in dorsal blastomeres leads to cell movement toward the anterior of the embryo. Diseases associated with GSC include Short Stature, Auditory Canal Atresia, Mandibular Hypoplasia, And Skeletal Abnormalities and Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young, Due to its role as a transcription factor in cell migration during embryonic development, GSC has been looked into as a potential role-player in cancer development and metastasis, since embryonic development and cancer development share similar characteristics. 

Major categories of EMP stimuli and markers involved in EMP. The dynamics of the epithelial – mesenchymal spectrum can be induced by five major stimulii (hypoxia, immuno-modulators, mechanical stress, altered ECM, and chemotherapeutics), which involve changes in various functional and morphological states and enlisted markers across the spectrum of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity. ECM, extracellular matrix.

Interesting facts about Alzheimer's disease

 Interesting facts about Alzheimer's disease

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1.Education can lower your risk

rusted Sourcethe more education you have, the lower your risk of getting AD. You have lower odds of getting AD if you keep your brain active in old age by doing activities such as:

• taking classes
• learning languages
• playing musical instruments

Doing group activities or interacting with others also may lower your risk.

2.Your heart and your head are closely related

Heart disease can raise your risk of getting AD. Other conditions that cause heart disease are also linked to a higher risk of getting AD, including:

• high blood pressure
• high cholesterol
• diabetes
• poor diet
• non-active lifestyle

Heart disease may also be a cause of vascular dementia, which results from narrowed blood vessels in the brain. This leads to a decrease in oxygen to brain tissues.

3.Women have a higher risk

Nearly twice as many women have AD as men. AD also worsens more quickly in women than it does in men.

Brain shrinkage tends to be more severe in women with AD than in men with the disease. Researchers suggest that brain changes in women with AD may be due to other causes.

4. Linked with a loss of sense of smell

A person with AD may lose their sense of smell, suggest that changes in the sense of smell may be an early sign of AD.

It’s important to note that changes in your ability to smell may also be due to other causes such as:

• Parkinson’s disease
• brain injury
• sinus infection                                                                                                       5.AD first described

  AD is named after German doctor Alois Alzheimer. He described the symptoms of a patient known as “Auguste D.” in 1906. The symptoms included:

  • memory loss
  • abnormal behavior
  • shrinkage of the patient’s brain

  
  Psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin, Dr. Alzheimer’s colleague, coined the name “Alzheimer’s disease” in a 1910 medical book.

• 6.Proteins identified in AD

  The main markers of Alzheimer’s disease in the brain are high amounts of two proteins: beta-amyloid and tau.

  Beta-amyloid was discovered in 1984. Two years later, tangles of tau were discovered in people with AD.

  Both proteins may cause brain cell damage. Researchers don’t know yet if high levels of beta-amyloid and tau cause AD or if they’re symptoms.