Beige
adipocytes: Beige fat” is a new kind of
energy-burning cell that prevent obesity and help weight loss for adults.
Distribution
: This
new fat cell is found underneath the
skin along the spine and in the proximal area of the collarbone in deposits
resembling the size of a pea.
Microscopic
features: Like brown fat, beige fat cells also have a plentiful amount of
mitochondria and iron, giving them their darker color.
Function:
Prevent obesity
Increase insulin receptor sensitivity
How
this cell is formed? : These beige fat cells are converted from white fat cells
while exercising when muscles release a hormone called irisin. These beige
cells then burn extra calories. It is speculated that these beige fat cells
developed from shivering, which is categorized at a neuromuscular activity
along with exercise.The embryonic origin of
beige adipocytes is less clear. But recent study support that large unilocular
white adipocytes transform into beige adipocytes in response to cold. Brown
fat cells show high levels of UCP1, (a protein essential to mitochondria to
generate heat and burn calories), where beige cells usually show lower levels
of this protein. Beige cells are able to increase their level of this UCP1
protein, by releasing irisin or being exposed to the cold, making them just as
effective as brown cells to burn calories. Beige fat cells behave like white
fat cells until they’re activated through a process called “browning.” After
they are browned, they start to behave like brown fat and burn other white fat
for energy. Beige fat does a lot more than body weight. To take one example, it
may also help improve insulin sensitivity.
Factors
stimulate browning:
- Social interaction.
By increasing the levels of a protein called Brain-Derived Neurotrophic
Factor, social interaction can “brown” white fat tissue.
- Exercise. By releasing the hormone irisin, exercise can make cause fat browning. This is a major difference between beige and brown fat inrisin has no real effect on brown fat
- Cold exposure.
Just like brown fat, beige fat gets “turned on” by cold.
- Mild stress: browning
might be activated by mild stress.
Mild stress causes small spikes in cortisol, but in chronic stress
cortisol level remain high for most of the time that is not good for
health. So occasional spikes in cortisol are good for health.
- cancer is really great at browning white fat cells which is one reason why people with cancer lose so much weight.
Food stimulates browning:
1.
Green tea
2.
Garlic
3.
Red pepper
4.
Sea weed extract
5.
Fish/flaxseed oil
6.
Curcumin /tumaric
7.
Melatonin
8.
Resveratrol
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