Anatomy of sphenoid

Anatomy of sphenoid 

 Anatomical points

1. Body lies centrally
2. superior surface of body lies horizontally
3. Two greater wings & two lesser wings project laterally from the sides of the body
4. Superior surfaces of greater wings are deeply concave
5. Two pterygoid processes are directed downwards from adjoining parts of the body and greater wings Morphological type of bone: pneumatic irregular bone

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Parts of sphenoid bone 

Body 

Two greater wings 

Two lesser wings 

Two pterygoid processes 

Body:  It has six surfaces : superior , inferior , anterior , posterior and two lateral surfaces 

Shape : cuboid 

It contains two large air sinuses which are separated from each other by a septum 

Superior or cerebral surface 

Articulates with ethmoid bone anteriorly and basilar part of occipital bone posteriorly. It shows: 

 Ethmoidal spine : it is articulate with posterior border of cribriform plate of ethmoid bon

  Jugum sphenoidale: smooth area which is the part of anterior cranial fossa . this part is related with gyri recti of cerebrum and olfactory tracts  

Sulcus chiasmaticus: it is a groove which connects both optic canal . it lodges optic chiasm

  Tuberculum sellae: round elevation it bears middle clinoid processe

 Sella turcica: deep depression behind the tuberculum sellae . deepest part of sella turcica is 

known as hypophyseal fossa

 Dorsum sellae: square shape bone which form posterior boundary of sella turcica . it bear

 posterior clinoid processes 

 Clivus: slopping area behind dorsum sellae . it continue with basilar part of occipital bone this part is related with pons 

1. Inferior surface 

Rostrum of sphenoid 
 Sphenoidal conchae 
Vaginal processes of medial pterygoid plate 

Anterior surface 

Sphenoidal crest articulates with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid leading to formation of a part of the septum of nose. 

Posterior surface: Basilar part of occipital bone 

Lateral surface

• It is united with the greater wing and medial pterygoid plate ,
  Carotid sulcus is present in the lateral surface which is extend from superior orbital fissure to foramen lacerum s lodging cavernous sinus and internal carotid
  
• Development:
• up to rostral half of sella turcica is developed from neural crest
• caudal half of sella turcica is developed from paraxial mesoderm