Pericardium: viva voice questions
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Q. 1. Define
pericardium.
Ans:
it is a conical fibro-serous sac which contains the heart and the roots of
great vessels.
Q. 2. Mention the parts of
pericardium.
Ans:
a) fibrous pericardium
b) serous pericardium : i) parietal
pericardium ii) visceral pericardium
Q. 3. mention the attachment of fibrous pericardium
Ans:
The fibrous
pericardium is a conical-shaped sac.
Its apex is fused with the
roots of the great vessels and
base is fused with central
tendon & a small left muscular part of the diaphragm.
Q. 4. What
is the other name of visceral pericardium?
Ans: Epicardium
Q.5. Mention the arterial supply of pericardium.
·
Pericardio-phrenic
artery branch of internal thoracic a ,
·
bronchial &
esophageal branch of descending thoracic aorta and
·
branches from
inferior phrenic artery
Q. 6. Mention the venous drainage of
pericardium.
·
Fibrous and
parietal pericardium are drained by azygous veins and internal thoracic veins.
·
Visceral
pericardium is drain by coronary sinus.
Q.
7. Mention the nerve supply of pericardium.
The fibrous pericardium and the parietal part of the pericardium
are pain sensitive and supplied by the phrenic nerve (root value: Cervical 3-5).
The visceral pericardium is insensitive; and is supplied by
vagus and sympathetic nerves via coronary plexus.
Therefore, the pain from the pericardium originates in the parietal layer only and is
transmitted by the phrenic nerve.
Q. 8. What is the function of pericardium?
It protects the heart, prevents over distension and friction
during heart contractions
Q. 9. Show the transverse sinus. Tell its boundaries.
Ans. Boundaries:
In front- ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk enclosed in a
single layer of serous pericardium.
Behind - Intra pericardial part of superior vena cava and upper portion of
atrium and their auricles.
Q.10.
Importance of transverse sinus.
Ans. During cardiac surgery, the transverse pericardial sinus allows a surgeon to isolate the pulmonary
trunk and ascending aorta and apply a temporary ligature or clamp.
Q.11.
Show oblique sinus. Mention its boundaries.
Ans. It is a cul-de-sac behind the
left atrium.
Boundaries
In front - Left atrium.
Behind -Parietal layer of serous
peri cardium.
Right side - Right pair of pulmonary
vein and inferior vena cava.
Left side - Lest pair of pulmonaryveins.
Q. 12. Tell the importance of
oblique sinus.
Ans. 1. It gives space to expose the heart during atrial diastole.
2. It permits pulsation of the left atrium and hence known as cardiac bursa.
Ans. a) Heart
with caridc vessels & nerves
b) Ascending aorta
c) pulmonary trunk
d) Terminal part of IVC
e) Terminal part of pulmonary veins
Q.14.
What is pericardial effusion?
Ans. Collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity is called pericardial effusion.
Q.112. Development of pericardium.
Ans. a)
Fibrous pericardium - From septum transversum.
b) Parietal layer · From
somato pleuric layer of lateral plate
mesoderm.
c) Visceral layer - From splanchno pleuric layer of
lateral plate mesoderm.
Q.6. Why
the pericardium is closely attached to central tendon of diaphragm?
Ans. The pericardium
and central tendon of diaphragm both are developed from septum transversum.So
they are closely attached.
Q.11. Transverse sinus - what it indicates developmentally?
Transverse
sinus is developed by the degeneration of the central cells of the dorsal
mesocardium.
Q.12. Why the pericardium is connected with sternum?
Ans.
Due to both structure are developed from septum transeversum.
Q.13. Name the sites where visceral layer is separated
from the heart .
Ans. At the root of great vessel of theheart where they are continuouswith each other.
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