Surface anatomy of heart : 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Surface anatomy of heart:

1 .Apex of the   Heart

It is situated in the left 5^th intercostal space just medial to midclavicalar   line.

Related questions:  How it is formed?

Ans: It is formed by only left ventricle of the heart.

2.     Right   border of the Heart

1^st point: On   the upper border   of the right 3^rd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median   plane.

2^nd point: on   the right 6^th costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane

Join these two points by a convex line towards the right.

SN: (The maximum convexity of which lies at a distance of 3.25am from the median plane in the 4^th intercostal space.)

Related questions:

How it is formed?  Ans: it is formed by right atrium

3. Left Border of Heart

1) 1^st    Point – On the lower border of the left 2^nd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane.

2) 2^nd   point- At the apex beat left 5^th intercostal space just medial to mid-clavicular line Join   these two points by line with convexity directed upwards and to the left.

Related questions:

How it is formed? Ans: it is formed by left ventricle of the heart

4. Lower border of the Heart

1^st point: on   the right 6th costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane

2^nd   point-At the apex beat left 5^th intercostal space just medial to mid-clavicular line

Join these two points with slight notch to the right of the apex of the heart.

Inferior border passes through the xiphisternal junction

 Related questions: How it is formed? Ans: it is formed by mostly by right ventricle and partly by left ventricle

5. Upper border of the Heart

1^st point: On   the upper border   of the right 3^rd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median   plane.

2^nd point: On the lower border of the left 2^nd costal cartilage about 2.5 cm from the median plane.

Join these points.

Related questions: How it is formed? Ans: 1/3 of right atrium and 2/3 of left atrium are formed this border

6. Arch of the Aorta

1) 1^st point –On the right end of the   sternal angle.

2) 2^nd point –On the   centre of the manubrium   sterni

3)3^rd point- sternal end of left 2^nd costal cartilage 

Join the points by a curved line which represents the outer border of the arch of aorta; then the inner   border is drawn   below  &  paralled to it about 2.5 cm apart  .

Heart : SAQs 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Heart & pericardium:

1. What is pericardium. Mention its different layer’s & their development.-3

2. Write a short description of interior of right atrium What is probe patency test? 3+1

 3. What are the different parts of the interventricular septum. Give its source of development.

      1+2

 4. Draw & label arterial supply of heart.-2  Give the origin, course & branches of left coronary artery. 4. 

5. What do you mean by end artery?-1 what do you mean by functional end artery? Give examples and clinical importance.

6. S/N: a) Pericardial sinus b) Base of the heart-2  c) Fallot’s tetralogy-1.5

7. Give the anatomy of the base of the heart. 3

    or Give the formation of the base of the heart. Mention its important relations.

8. Mention development of interatrial septum.-3

9. Draw & label junction tissues of the heart.-2 What are the Junctional tissues of the heart?  Mention their location. 1+2

10. Define conducting system of the heart. Name its components & arterial supply.1+4 

11. Write down pericardial sinuses with their clinical importance. 4

12. What is dextrocardia? Give embryology basis of its formation. (1+2)

13. Write about structure of Trabeculae carnea, septomarginal crest and infundibulum. All Trabeculae carnea & papillary muscle.-5

 14. Draw and label venous supply of the heart.

 15. Mention the development of right atrium. -2

16. Enumerate the different septal defects of heart.-2

17. Draw & label different parts of primitive heart tube. -2

Superior Extremity: SAQs 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Superior Extremity

1. Special features of upper  limb:

1.      Draw & level brachial plexus. What do you mean by prefixed & post fixed type of brachial plexus?

2.      Boundary & content of axilla. Mention boundaries of anterior wall of axilla.

3.      Draw level showing roots, trunk & cords of brachial plexus.

4.      Clinical importance of axilla.

5.      Give the supraclavicular branches of brachial plexus.

6.      What is axilla?

7.      Discuss briefly the axilla

8.      Name component of breast give lymphatic drainage of female breast with clinical importance.

9.      Name axillry group lymphnodes.

10.  Give the step of dissection of cubital fossa. Boundary & content of cubital fossa

11.  Short note clavi pectoral fascia.

12.  Arrangement of axillary node.

13.  How carpal tunnel is formed? Name the structures passing through it.

14.  Give the compartment of the palm. Discuss about mid-palmar space.

Blood supply and lymphatic drainage

1. Draw anastomoses of elbow joint.
2. Classify anastomoses with significance.
3. What is lymph?
4. give the commencement, termination and clinical importance of radial artery
5. formation, course and clinical importance of radial artery

Nerve:

1.       What in dermatome? Draw & level dermatome of upper limb. Draw and label dermatome of anterior aspect of the upper limb

2.            Draw and label brachial plexus. What do you mean by prefixed and post fixed type of Brachial     plexus.

3.            Give formation and distribution of axillary nerve.

4.            formation, course and clinical importance of ulnar nerve

5.            Give the formation and a short description of branches of Radial nerve.

Muscles:

1.                                                                                    Give the origin, insertion nerve supply and action of the following muscles

                                                        i) flexor digitorum superficialis ii) biceps brachii iii) triceps brachii iv) Deltoid

2.                                                                                    Name the muscles of the arm. Mention insertion, action and nerve supply of pectoralis major.

3.                                                                                    Mention short muscles (intrinsic) of hand. Classify them according their nerve supply & action.

4.                                                                                    Name the muscles present in the flexor compartments of the forearm with their nerve supply. How flexor retinaculum is formed?

5.                                                                                    Give the origin, insertion and nerve supply of muscles responsible for supination of fore-arm.

6.                                                                                    Name the muscles of the back of the fore arm. Give their nerve supply and actions. 

7.                                                                                    Name the muscles of the arm.

Joint and movement:

1.            Define supination & pronation.

2.            How shoulder joint is formed? Name the important ligaments of this joint. Write the mechanism of abduction.

3.            write a note on rotator cuff

4.            How wrist joint is formed? Mention the type of this joint. Name movement and muscles responsible for the different movement of the wrist joint.

5.            Give the formation and important ligaments of radio-carpal joint. Discuss about radio-carpal and inter carpal movements.

6.            What is abduction? Write the mechanism of abduction of shoulder joint.

Clinical anatomy:

1. What is claw hand?

2. Short notes: carpal tunnel syndrome

3. How rotator cuff is formed? Give its importance.

4. Wrist drops

5. Clinical importance of the dermatome.

6. What is the importance of the median cubital vein?

Pancreas: SAQs 1st prof MBBS examination new curriculum of Bangladesh

Pancreas

Give relations of the head of the pancreas.

Why it is compound gland? Give the development of the pancreas? How annular pancreas is formed?

Mention important relation head and neck of the pancreas.

What are the different parts of the pancreas. Give its blood supply.