Summary of ossification of whole skeleton of body

Summary of ossification of whole skeleton of body

 Membranous ossification:

Ex: head and neck: parietal bone, frontal bone, maxilla, zygomatic,

Sup extre: clavicle

Cartilaginous ossification: all vertebrae, all ribs, sternum, scapula, all bones of upper limb except clavicle, all bones of lower limb

Membrano-cartilaginous ossification:

Occipital: membranous ossification area above the highest nuchal line, rest of the parts arises from cartilaginous ossification 

Sphenoid: membranous ossification above the lateral part of greater wing and pterygoid process except the hamulus, rest of the part arises from cartilage,

Temporal: membranous ossification – squamous part and tympanic part, rest of the parts arises from cartilage,

 Mandible: cartilaginous ossification anterior part of body and part of ramus above mandibular foramen, rest of the body arises from membranous ossification

Name of bone	Primary ossification center	Secondary ossification center
Clavicle	Two	One for sternal end
Humerus	One for shaft	Three for upper end – head , greater & lesser tubercle Four for lower end – lateral & medial epicondyle, capitulum, trochlear
Radius	One primary ossification center for shaft	One for upper end One for lower end
Ulna	One primary ossification center for shaft	One for upper end One for lower end
Carpal bone	One primary ossification center which appear after birth	No secondary ossification centre
Metacarpal bone	One primary ossification center for shaft	One 2nd ossification centre :  base of  1st metacarpal bones is ossified from 2nd ossification center Heads of  2-5 metacarpal bone are ossified from 2nd ossification center
Phalanges	One primary ossification center for shaft and head	One 2nd ossification center for base  of each phalanx

 

Lower limb

Name of bone	Primary ossification center	Secondary ossification center
Hip bone	Three – ilium, ischium, pubis	5 secondary ossification center
Femur	One for shaft	Three for upper end – head , greater & lesser trochanter One for lower end
Tibia	One primary ossification center for shaft	One for upper end One for lower end
Fibula	One primary ossification center for shaft	One for upper end One for lower end
Tarsal bone (except calcaneus)	One primary ossification center	No secondary ossification centre
Calcaneus	One primary ossification center	One secondary ossification centre
Metatarsal bone	One primary ossification center for shaft	One 2nd ossification centre :  base of  1st metatarsal bones is ossified from 2nd ossification center Heads of  2-5 metatarsal bone are ossified from 2nd ossification center
Phalanges	One primary ossification center for shaft and head	One 2nd ossification center for base  of each phalanx

 

Growing end: epiphysis of growing long bone which appears 1st and unites last with epiphyseal cartilage

Upper end of humerus and lower end of Radius and ulna is the growing end

Lower end of femus and upper end of tibia and fibula is the growing end