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Why 4th layer of scalp known as safety valve hematoma-explain anatomically?
In children the fracture of cranial vault may be accompanied by torn dura mater and pericranium. In such cases the blood from intracranial hemorrhage escapes into the subaponeurotic/fourth layer of the scalp through the fracture lines. As a result, the signs of cerebral compression are not seen until the subaponeurotic space is completely full of blood. Because of this the collection of blood in the fourth layer is referred to as a safety valve hematoma.
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