The orbital cavity (or eye socket) is bony structure that houses and protects eyeball & its associated structures. The walls of orbital cavity are formed by seven different bones, which are:
Roof of Orbit (Superior Wall)
- Bone(s): orbital plates of Frontal bone
- Description: The roof is formed by the orbital part of the frontal bone. It provides the upper boundary of the orbit and helps protect the eye from above.
Floor of the Orbit (Inferior Wall)
- Bone(s): Maxilla, zygomatic bone, and palatine bone
- Description: The floor of orbit is mainly formed by maxilla and a portion of zygomatic bone. The palatine bone also contributes slightly at the posterior part. This wall supports the lower part of the eye.
Medial Wall of the Orbit
- Bone(s): Maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone, and part of the sphenoid bone
- Description: The medial wall is formed by the maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone (specifically the lamina papyracea), and a small portion of sphenoid bone. It is the thinnest of the orbital walls and separates the orbit from nasal cavity.
Lateral Wall of the Orbit
- Bone(s): Zygomatic bone & greater wing of sphenoid bone
- Description: The lateral wall is formed by zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid bone. It is thickest of orbital walls, providing strength & protection to side of eye.
Posterior Wall of the Orbit
- Bone(s): Sphenoid bone (specifically the lesser wing and body)
- Description: The posterior wall is formed primarily by sphenoid bone. It serves as back portion of the orbit & contains the optic foramen (or canal) through which optic nerve passes.
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